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Examining the Theoretical Hypotheses of Referendum Through Comparative Empirical Research: A Five-Nation Comparison

Wei-feng Huang
1998 / 05
Volume 5, No.1

pp.1-35
Paper

Abstract

Arguments for and against referendum are often based on certain theoretical hypotheses of its practice. However, very little empirical work, with the exception of a few case studies, has been done to test these hypotheses. As a result, the merits and defects of referendum are still in dispute. In this paper, I compare referendum experiences of Switzland, France, Italy, Britain, and the United States. Based on these experiences, I examine various hypotheses of referendum. I find that referendums in these five countries are often mediated by governments or parties, which help to contain the populist impulses of the masses. In addition, I argue that the impact of referendums often extend beyond their legal premises. As a result, I suggest that more attention should be paid to the agenda setting effect of referendum.

Keywords

Popular referendum

Controlled referendum

Agenda setting

Consociational democracy

Voting fatigue